Phenotypic plasticity of growth ring traits in Pinus hartwegii at the ends of its elevational gradient.

Introduction: Phenotypic plasticity (PP) could be an important short-term mechanism to modify physiological and morphological traits in response to climate change and global warming, particularly for high-mountain tree species. The objective was to evaluate PP response of growth ring traits to temperature and precipitation in Pinus hartwegii Lindl. populations located at the ends of its elevational gradient on two volcanic mountains in central Mexico (La Malinche and Nevado de Toluca). Methods: Increment cores collected from 274 P. hartwegii trees were used to estimate their PP through reaction norms (RN), which relate the ring width and density traits with climate variables (temperature and precipitation). We estimated the trees' sensitivity (significant RN) to climatic variables, as well as the relative proportion of RN with positive and negative slope. We also estimated the relationship between the PP of ring width and density traits using correlation and Principal Component (PC) analyses. Results: Over 70% of all trees showed significant RN to growing season and winter temperatures for at least one growth ring trait, with a similar proportion of significant RN at both ends of the gradient on both mountains. Ring width traits had mostly negative RN, while ring density traits tended to have positive RN. Frequency of negative RN decreased from lower to higher elevation for most traits. Average PP was higher at the lower end of the gradient, especially on LM, both for ring width and ring density traits, although high intrapopulation variation in PP was found on both mountains. Discussion: Results indicate that P. hartwegii presents spatially differentiated plastic responses in width and density components of radial growth. PP was particularly strong at the lower elevation, which has higher temperature and water stress conditions, putting these populations at risk from the continuing global warming driven by climate change.

Pre-Germinative Treatments and Morphophysiological Traits in Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Piscidia piscipula (Fabaceae) from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.

Enterolobium cyclocarpum and Piscidia piscipula are two important tree Fabaceae species distributed from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Our aims were focused on the E. cyclocarpum and P. piscipula seeds for: (1) to examine the seed permeability and imbibition rate, (2) to evaluate the effect of seed pre-germinative treatments, and (3) to characterize the structures involved on the presence of physical dormancy (PY). We used fresh seeds to determine seed permeability and imbibition rate, seed viability by means of tetrazolium test, furthermore, we applied mechanical scarification and boiler shocks for 5 s, 10 s and 15 s treatments. Morphological characterization of the seed coat was by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Seed viability in E. cyclocarpum and P. piscipula were 100% and 96%, respectively. Seed permeability and imbibition rate in E. cyclocarpum were low. The highest germination in E. cyclocarpum was in the mechanical scarification (92%), while in P. piscipula, this parameter was in the 10 s boiling water treatment (76.0%). The presence of PY was confirmed in both species because they showed low seed permeability, and imbibition rate; furthermore, exhibited macrosclereids cells. The present research seeks to promote the sustainable use of E. cyclocarpum and P. piscipula.

Caracterización de la microbiota nativa del queso Oaxaca tradicional en tres fases de elaboración / Characterization of the native microflora of traditional Oaxaca cheese in three phases of production

El queso Oaxaca tradicional goza de gran reconocimiento y consumo a nivel nacional, al ser elaborado con leche cruda de vaca es considerado como factor de riesgo para la salud, sin embargo, contiene flora natural no patógena como las bacterias lácticas (BAL), que le proporciona características extraordinarias y su reconocida tipicidad siendo importante su caracterización. Se realizó el conteo, aislamiento y caracterización fenotípica (pruebas morfológicas, bioquímicas, factores de crecimiento y fermentación) de coliformes totales, BAL, levaduras y Staphylococcus spp.en las etapas de leche, cuajada y queso. Todos los recuentos se encontraron fuera de la normativa mexicana (NOM-243-SSA1-2010); se observó diferencia (p<0,05) entre la etapa de leche y queso para coliformes totales, BAL y levaduras. Se aislaron 43 cepas de BAL, 38 de coliformes, 24 de levaduras y 16 de Staphylococcus spp. El 72,1% de las BAL correspondió al género Lactococcus y el 27,9% a Lactobacillus, se detectó la presencia de E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Rhodotorula spp. Los resultados muestran deficientes prácticas de higiene en la elaboración de queso Oaxaca, siendo importante la identificación de la microbiota autóctona y monitoreo en toda la cadena productiva a fin de obtener un producto artesanal inocuo y de mejor calidad.

The traditional Oaxaca cheese is highly regarded nationally and its consumption, being made from raw cow’s milk is considered as a risk factor to health, however is nonpathogenic natural flora and lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which provides unique characteristics and typicality recognized to be important characterization. Count was performed, isolation and phenotypic characterization (morphological and biochemical tests, growth factors and fermentation) of total coliforms, LAB, yeasts and Staphylococcus in the stages of milk, curd and cheese. All counts were found outside Mexican standards (NOM-243-SSA1-2010), was difference (p<0.05) between the stage of milk and cheese for total coliforms, LAB and yeasts. 43 strains were isolated from BAL, coliform 38, 24 yeasts, and 16 Staphylococcus. The 72.1% of the BAL corresponded to the genus Lactococcus and 27.9% for Lactobacillus, we detected the presence of E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Rhodotorula spp. The results show poor hygiene practices in Oaxaca cheese making and it is important to identify the indigenous microbiota and monitoring throughout the production chain in order to get a handmade product safe and of better quality.

Development of a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for adult patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-QoL): Spanish multi-centre research project.

BACKGROUND: There is a need for a disease-specific instrument for assessing health-related quality of life in adults with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency, a rare, disabling and life-threatening disease. In this paper we report the protocol for the development and validation of a specific questionnaire, with details on the results of the process of item generation, domain selection, and the expert and patient rating phase. METHODS/DESIGN: Semi-structured interviews were completed by 45 patients with hereditary angioedema and 8 experts from 8 regions in Spain. A qualitative content analysis of the responses was carried out. Issues raised by respondents were grouped into categories. Content analysis identified 240 different responses, which were grouped into 10 conceptual domains. Sixty- four items were generated. A total of 8 experts and 16 patients assessed the items for clarity, relevance to the disease, and correct dimension assignment. The preliminary version of the specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for hereditary angioedema (HAE-QoL v 1.1) contained 44 items grouped into 9 domains. DISCUSSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multi-centre research project that aims to develop a specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for adult patients with hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency. A preliminary version of the specific HAE-QoL questionnaire was obtained. The qualitative analysis of interviews together with the expert and patient rating phase helped to ensure content validity. A pilot study will be performed to assess the psychometric properties of the questionnaire and to decide on the final version.

On-farm evaluation of the effect of coffee pulp supplementation on milk yield and dry matter intake of dairy cows grazing tropical grasses in central Mexico.

Tropical grasses are the primary nutrient resource for cattle production in the tropics, and they provide low-cost nutrients to cattle. However, its production is constrained by seasonal changes and quality; hence, appropriate usage of relatively inexpensive agricultural by-products is important to profitable livestock production. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing coffee pulp to dairy cows grazing tropical grasses on milk yield and forage intake. Four multiparous crossed Holstein-Brown Swiss-Zebu cows of similar weight and milk yield were used. The effect of 10%, 15% and 20% inclusion of coffee pulp in dairy concentrates on milk yield and forage intake was analysed using a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Results showed that there were no significant effects (P > 0.05) in grass dry matter intake, milk yield, milk composition body weight and body condition score due to the inclusion of coffee pulp in the dairy concentrates. It is concluded that coffee pulp can be included at levels of 20% in the concentrate without compromising significantly (P > 0.05) milk yield, milk composition and grass dry matter intake. It also was concluded that cost of concentrate is reduced in 20% by the inclusion of coffee pulp.

Tularemia: una década en la provincia de Soria / Tularemia: A decade in the province of Soria (Spain)

La tularemia es una enfermedad descrita en España desde hace una década. El presente estudio analiza los casos en los que se sospechó tularemia, así como los casos probables y los casos confirmados de esta enfermedad en la provincia de Soria, en comparación con los datos referidos a la tularemia en Castilla y León. Estos casos, salvo uno esporádico, se agrupan en 2 brotes epidémicos (años 1997–1998 y años 2007–2008). Métodos Se estudiaron todos los pacientes (53) con sospecha clínica de tularemia entre los años 1997 y 2008 (estudio retrospectivo de los años 1997 a 1999). El estudio microbiológico se realizó por serología (63 sueros), cultivo de sangre (10 muestras) y cultivo de líquido de absceso de adenopatía (una muestra). Resultados Durante 10 años se diagnosticaron 19 casos de tularemia en Soria: un caso esporádico en 1996, 5 casos en el brote de 1997–1998 y 13 casos en el brote de 2007–2008. El 95% de los casos tuvo contacto con liebres. La forma clínica más frecuente fue la forma ulceroganglionar (62%). Trece casos se definieron como probables (el 68% con título alto de anticuerpos) y 6 casos se definieron como confirmados (el 32%), 2 por aislamiento de la bacteria y 4 por seroconversión. Conclusión Los casos de tularemia en la provincia de Soria comparten idénticas características clínicas y epidemiológicas (formas ulceroganglionares, manipulación de liebres) con el brote de los años 1997–1998 en la comunidad de Castilla y León y se diferencian de los casos del brote de los años 2007–2008 en la comunidad (predominio de las formas tifoideas de la enfermedad y relación con el aumento de la población de topillos) (AU)

Introduction Tularemia is a zoonotic disease that has been regularly reported in Spain since 1997. This study analyzes suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of tularemia in the province of Soria, and compares them with tularemia cases recorded in the autonomous community of Castilla y Léon, which, with the exception of 1 sporadic case, occurred in 2 epidemic outbreaks in 1997/1998 and 2007/2008. Methods We studied all patients (53) with signs and symptoms of tularemia in the period of 1997 to 2008. Sixty-three serum samples from these patients were tested by a microagglutination assay for antibodies against Francisella tularensis; additionally 10 blood cultures and 1 culture of abscess exudate from an enlarged lymph node were carried out. Results Over the last decade, 19 cases of tularemia have been diagnosed in Soria (1 sporadic case in 1996, 5 associated with an outbreak reported in 1997/98 and 13 associated with an outbreak occurring in 2007/08). In 95% of the cases, previous contact with hares was reported. The ulceroglandular type was most frequently (62%) observed. F. tularensis was isolated on blood culture in 2 cases. The remaining patients were diagnosed by serology (4 confirmed cases, 13 probable cases). Conclusion The cases of tularemia documented in Soria showed clinical and epidemiological features (predominant ulceroglandular clinical presentation and previous contact with hares) identical to the 1997/98 tularemia outbreak in Castilla y Léon, but contrasted with the 2007/08 outbreak in Castilla y León where typhoidal clinical forms of the disease and a relationship with an increased rodent population (Mycrotus spp) were predominant (AU)

[Tularemia: a decade in the province of Soria (Spain)]. / Tularemia: una década en la provincia de Soria.

INTRODUCTION: Tularemia is a zoonotic disease that has been regularly reported in Spain since 1997. This study analyzes suspected, probable, and confirmed cases of tularemia in the province of Soria, and compares them with tularemia cases recorded in the autonomous community of Castilla y Léon, which, with the exception of 1 sporadic case, occurred in 2 epidemic outbreaks in 1997/1998 and 2007/2008. METHODS: We studied all patients (53) with signs and symptoms of tularemia in the period of 1997 to 2008. Sixty-three serum samples from these patients were tested by a microagglutination assay for antibodies against Francisella tularensis; additionally 10 blood cultures and 1 culture of abscess exudate from an enlarged lymph node were carried out. RESULTS: Over the last decade, 19 cases of tularemia have been diagnosed in Soria (1 sporadic case in 1996, 5 associated with an outbreak reported in 1997/98 and 13 associated with an outbreak occurring in 2007/08). In 95% of the cases, previous contact with hares was reported. The ulceroglandular type was most frequently (62%) observed. F. tularensis was isolated on blood culture in 2 cases. The remaining patients were diagnosed by serology (4 confirmed cases, 13 probable cases). CONCLUSION: The cases of tularemia documented in Soria showed clinical and epidemiological features (predominant ulceroglandular clinical presentation and previous contact with hares) identical to the 1997/98 tularemia outbreak in Castilla y Léon, but contrasted with the 2007/08 outbreak in Castilla y León where typhoidal clinical forms of the disease and a relationship with an increased rodent population (Mycrotus spp) were predominant.

Estudio de la satisfacción del cliente interno de un Servicio de Alergia: una oportunidad de mejora / No disponible

No disponible

Brote de fiebre Q y seroprevalencia en una población rural de la provincia de Soria / Outbreak of Q fever and seroprevalence in a rural town from Soria

Fundamento. El propósito de este estudio es describir un brote de fiebre Q aguda en una población rural de Soria durante la primavera de 1998 y estudiar la prevalencia de anticuerpos IgG frente a Coxiella burnetii en dicha población. Métodos. 1. Brote de fiebre Q: los datos epidemiológicos, clínicos y analíticos se obtuvieron de la historia clínica y por encuesta estandarizada de todos los casos clínicos. Estos se confirmaron por fijación del complemento. 2. Seroprevalencia: 253 sueros fueron seleccionados por muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia a partir de muestras de sueros extraídas entre el 1 septiembre de 1996 y el 28 de febrero de 1999. Se consideraron positivos aquellos que por inmunofluorescencia indirecta tenían títulos de anticuerpos IgG frente a C. burnetii fase II iguales o superiores a 1/ 80.Resultados. 1. Se confirmaron 14 casos de fiebre Q con una media de edad de 21,5 ñ3,1 años. El 64 por ciento de los pacientes presentaron neumonía y el 36 por ciento una clínica inespecífica. No se encontraron antecedentes de contacto directo con animales, pero en los alrededores del pueblo había 4 rebaños con un total de 2.614 ovejas. 2. La seroprevalencia fue del 60 por ciento (intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento: 54÷66). La seroprevalencia no se incrementó a raíz del brote descrito en este estudio (p > 0,05).Conclusión. La alta seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a C. burnetii en esta población indica que esta área es hiperendémica para dicha infección y al no haberse declarado ningún caso de infección en los años anteriores parece indicar que o bien cursa de forma asintomática o los signos clínicos son extremadamente leves. Probablemente los rebaños de ovejas fueron el foco de infección y la vía aérea el mecanismo de transmisión (AU)

Câncer de cólon em adolescentes / Carcinoma of the colon in teenagers

o Carcinoma do cólon é uma entidade infreqüente em pessoas menores de 30 anos. Neste trabalho efetuamos um estudo retrospectivo da sua incidência no Hospital "Miguel Perez Carreño" do IVSS de Caracas, durante os anos de 1973 a 1987, na populaçäo compreendida entre os 12 e 18 anos. De um total de 218 casos, nove pertencem a este grupo etário. Säo discutidos os fatores clínicos, terapêuticos e o prognóstico desta afecçäo

Apendicitis aguda con tumor carcinoide / Acute appendicitis with carcinoid tumor

Informamos de dos casos de Apendicitis Aguda con Tumor Carcinoide, ambos, en pacientes masculinos y de 25 años de edad. A propósito de estos casos realizados una revisión de 1.433 Apendicectomías efectuadas en el Hospital "Raul Leoni" (IVSS), San Felix, en un lapso de cinco años y solamente encontramos estos dos casos, lo que representa una incidencia del Carcinoide Apendicular de un 0,14%. En la revisión de la literatura coincidimos que la Apendirectomía simple en el Tumor Carcinoide del apéndice es curativa, específicamente en lesiones pequeñas (menores de uno o dos centímetros) sin extensión ganglionar o vascular

Carcinoma papilar de bajo grado de malignidad en páncreas reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Papillary carcinoma of low malignancy in pancreas: report of case and review of the literature

Se presenta un caso de carcinoma papilar de bajo grado de malignidad en páncreas, encontrado en una niña de 12 años. El tumor se localizaba en cabeza de páncreas, de 10 cms. de diámetro, recubierto de una capsula fibrosa gruesa: al corte de apreciación quística con áreas necróticas entremezclados en solidad y papilares. Histológicamente destaca la presencia de patrones sólidos y papilares muy celulares con un grueso eje fibrovascular separándolos, sin evidencia de invasión capsular. El curso post-operatorio de la paciente luego de la exeresis del tumor es excelente luego de seis meses de control. Se reviso la literatura reportándose sólo 52 casos. Se hace hincapié sobre el origen derivado de células de los pequeños ductos del páncreas y su pronóstico luego de la extirpación total

Menores en peligro y jurisdicción correccional

Señala sobre la protección estatal del menor, origen historicos, codigo penal Paraguayo, la juridición especial de menores, extructura y funciones de la juridición especial. Incluye internación de menores, problemas más comunes de la internación, la inimputabilidad, maltrato de menores, protitución

Quiste de colédoco: presentación de un caso / Choledonal cyst: report of a case

Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 18 años de edad, portadora de quistes de colédoco tipo I, que mostraba la tríada clásica: dolor en cuadrante superior derecho, ictericia y tumor intrabdominal. Se le practicó coledococistoyeyunostomía latero-lateral en y de Roux con boca anastomótica amplia. La evolución postoperatoria fue excelente. En la literatura venezolana hasta 1986 se habían reportado 25 casos de quiste de colédoco: 11 de ellos eran adultos. Se plantea como tratamiento quirúrgico de elección para el quiste de colédoco tipo I, la resección del mismo reconstruyendo la vía biliar con hepatico-yeyunostomía en Y de Roux y si las condiciones del paciente, la anatomía quirúrgica o la experiencia del cirujano no lo permiten, utilizar drenaje interno semejante al utilizado en nuestro paciente. Palabras claves: Colédoco.Quiste